Pranayama and Stress Physiology

Pranayama and Stress Physiology
Introduction: Pranayama is a form of systematic breathing pattern practiced by the Siddhars of Tamil Nadu.
Aim of the study: The presentation is to highlight the theoretical aspect of Pranayama in reducing stress and to explain the way in which it works in human body.
Methodology: Pranayama is one in which the breathing is done by a single nostril (say-right) after closing the other nostril (left) and have to take a deep breathing. After a gap of few seconds up to which the person can tolerate, the nostril (left) through which breathing was not done is used for expiration of the air. There are patterns of using right or left nostril described in Siddha Medicine.
Results and Discussion: The effect of Pranayama in most of the explanations given is related to its effect on the lungs as a form of exercise for expansion of lungs. The following explanation will highlight the effect of pranayama on stress Physiology

When deep breathing is done, the pressure effect on the olfactory nerve endings in that nostril due to the air is transformed through the olfactory tract to Limbic System of the brain. The Limbic system is the rheostat of emotions of the brain (reference-Gray’s Anatomy). When stimulated, it produces a calming effect and is responsible for the stress reduction and related effects on the body in a positive way. Conclusion: The pranayama needs to be done only for few minutes every day. It helps the stress laden life of today and reduces diseases.